Resonant Ultrasound Spectroscopy
Room temperature RUS system.
The use of mechanical resonances to determine the elastic moduli of materials of interest to condensed matter physicists, engineers and materials scientists is steadily evolving. With the massive computing capability found in an ordinary personal computer, it is now possible to find all the elastic moduli of low-symmetry solids using sophisticated analysis of a set of the lowest resonances.
This process, dubbed resonant ultrasound spectroscopy, or RUS, provides the highest absolute accuracy of any routine elastic modulus measurement technique, and it does it quickly on small samples.
The Magnet Lab RUS group, led by Albert Migliori, develops this content to make RUS tools and information easily available to the general science community. On these pages, you will find the code as well as additional resources to get started.
The work of this group is supported by the National Nuclear Security Administration, Florida State University, and the National Science Foundation.
Code
Included in the .zip files (about 210 KB) with the code are sample input, output, and interim files. Separate links are provided to only view the sample input/output files without downloading the code.
Additional Resources
User Manual (PDF, 26 KB)
Brief user manual describing the input and output files.
Input File
The input file has the same name for all three codes, rusin.dat, and must be in the same directory as the executable. Follow the link for an annotated sample.
Output File
After at least one iteration two output files will be produced: rusout.dat and rusio.dat. The rusio.dat file is a modified copy of the input file. The initial guesses of the moduli and dimensions are replaced by the fitted values and the fitted frequencies replace the columns of zeros. The rusio.dat file can be renamed rusin.dat and a new run can be started where the previous pass finished. Hitting any key will stop iteration and will generate an orderly exit with the interim outputs in rusio.dat and rusout.dat. The rusout.dat contains the results.
RUS user facility, up to 15T, 300K to 300m.
Dimensions
The fits produced by the codes require knowledge of both crystallographic axes and dimensions. The RPR code can adjust the dimensions for a better fit while maintaining the mass of the sample fixed. The Sphere code and the Cylinder code do not fit dimensions. The first, second, and third dimensions entered in the input file (d1, d2, and d3) must correspond, respectively, to the a, b, and c crystallographic axis. If any of these dimensions are swapped, the code will fit, but the results will not be correct. Select a symmetry for an illustration of its dimensions:
Other RUS Code
Debye Temperature Elastic Moduli Calculator
This calculator takes the crystal structure, atomic volume, density, and a number of cij elastic moduli depending on the crystal structure of your material as input. It calculates the Debye Temperature of the material, as well as the mean velocities and several other elastic moduli. Download executable (22,013 KB).
Kroner Elastic Moduli Calculator
This calculator takes the c11, c12 and c44 of a cubic material as input, and calculates multiple shear moduli, as well as the bulk and Young moduli and Poisson ratio of the material. Download executable (22,000 KB).
Voigt-Reuss Elastic Moduli Calculator
This calculator takes the crystal structure and a number of cij elastic moduli depending on the crystal structure of your material as input. It calculates the Voigt, Reuss, and "true" values for the shear and bulk moduli, as well as the Young modulus and Poisson Ratio. Download executable (22,008 KB).
Publications
Resonant ultrasound spectroscopic techniques for measurement of the elastic moduli of solids (PDF, 1,938 KB)
A. Migliori, J.L. Sarrao, William M. Visscher, T.M. Bell, Ming Lei, Z. Fisk, and R.G. Leisure
Physica B 183 (1993) 1-24
Implementation of a modern resonant ultrasound spectroscopy system for the measurement of the elastic moduli of small solid specimens (PDF, 478 KB)
A. Migliori and J. D. Maynard
Review of Scientific Instruments 76, 1(2005)
For more information, contact Albert Migliori at Los Alamos National Laboratory.
